{"id":5541,"date":"2016-07-17T04:12:30","date_gmt":"2016-07-16T20:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/?p=5541"},"modified":"2016-07-17T04:12:30","modified_gmt":"2016-07-16T20:12:30","slug":"%e6%8e%a8%e8%96%a6-nudibranch-sea-slug-identification-indo-pacific-%e6%b5%b7%e8%9b%9e%e8%9d%93%e5%9c%96%e9%91%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/?p=5541","title":{"rendered":"\u63a8\u85a6 Nudibranch & Sea Slug Identification – Indo Pacific \u6d77\u86de\u8753\u5716\u9451"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n \n \"Fb-Button\"\n <\/a>\n <\/div>
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\u6587\uff1a\u8c50\u82f1 \u4e01\u6559\u7df4<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u7248Nudibranch & Sea Slug Identification – Indo Pacific \u7684\u6d77\u86de\u8753\u5716\u9451\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7de8\u6392\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5206\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u53c3\u8003\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u559c\u6b61\u62cd\u5fae\u8ddd\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5f97\u6536\u85cf\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5c07\u96dc\u4e82\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5206\u985e\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5929\u6027\u3002\u6d77\u86de\u8753\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6f5b\u6c34\u7d93\u9a57\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u597d\u5947\u7a76\u7adf\u6f5b\u6c34\u6642\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6d77\u86de\u8753\uff0c\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u54ea\u4e00\u985e\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684 Systematic Biology\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u5c07\u52d5\u7269\u5206\u985e\u3001\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5916\u89c0\u4f86\u5206\u985e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0cPhylogenetic systematics(cladistics \u652f\u5e8f\u5206\u985e\u5b78)\u6f38\u6f38\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6839\u64da\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f86\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7a2e\u5171\u540c\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u884d\u5fb5(derived features = evolutionary novelties)\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31\u5171\u884d\u5fb5(synapomorphy)\u4f86\u5224\u5b9a\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\u5169\u7279\u5fb5\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u884d\u5fb5\uff1f\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u662f\u5229\u7528\u89e3\u5256\u89c0\u5bdf + \u907a\u50b3\u5206\u5b50\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u8166\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u80fd\u53cd\u61c9\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6a39\u3002\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\uff0c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7c21\u7d04\u6cd5 (Maximum parsimony)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u5047\u5b9a\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7279\u5fb5\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6a39\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5efa\u69cb\u6f14\u5316\u6a39\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

==\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u6d77\u86de\u8753\u7684\u5206\u985e==
\n\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u628a\u6d77\u86de\u8753\u6b78\u985e\u6210\uff1a
\nacteonids
\nhead-shield slugs
\npteropods
\nsea hares
\nsapsucking slug
\nAcochlidia
\nunbrella shells
\nside-gilled slugs
\nnudibranchs<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2dnudibranchs\u53c8\u7d30\u5206\u6210 Clade1: dorid nudibranchs \u548c Clade2: cladobranchs<\/p>\n

Clade1:
\nphanerobranch dorids
\ncryptobranch dorids
\nradula-free dorids<\/p>\n

Clade2:
\narminids
\ndendronotids
\naeolids<\/p>\n

\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6d77\u86de\u8753\u7684\u5716\u9451\u8981\u66f4\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f\uff1f\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u5e8f\u5206\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff01
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7d30\u770b\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
\n====
\nCase 1: \u884d\u5fb5
\n\u66f8\u4e2dp.100
\nAkera \u6709\u5916\u6bbc\u4e5f\u6709\u9f52\u820c\uff0c\u770b\u5916\u6bbc\u7684\u8a71\u50cf\u6ce1\u87ba\uff0c\u770b\u9f52\u820c\u7684\u8a71\u50cf\u6d77\u5154\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\uff0c\u8a72\u7b97\u6ce1\u87ba\u9084\u662f\u6d77\u5154\uff1f
\n=> \u9f52\u820c\u662f\u884d\u5fb5\uff0c\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u6d77\u5154<\/p>\n

Case 2:\u5206\u5272\u6210\u55ae\u7cfb\u7fa4(monophyletic group)
\n\u55ae\u7cfb\u7fa4=>\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7a2e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u8a72\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f8c\u4ee3
\n\u652f\u5e8f\u5206\u985e\u8a8d\u70ba\u88ab\u5206\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4(Clade)\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u786c\u9aa8\u9b5a\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7cfb\u7fa4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u786c\u9aa8\u9b5a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f8c\u4ee3\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u56db\u8db3\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5c6c\u88e1\u7684\u7a2e\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u55ae\u7cfb\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u9a57\u8b49\u662f\u55ae\u7cfb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
\n-Cephalaspidea
\n-Anaspidea
\n-Nudibranchia
\n-Pteropoda<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6b64\u539f\u5247\uff0c Chromodoris \u5c6c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5207\u5272\u6210
\n-Chromodoris
\n-Goniobranchus
\n-Felimida
\nGlossodoris\u5c6c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5207\u5272\u6210
\n-Glossodoris
\n-Doriprismatica
\n-Ardeadoris<\/p>\n

Case3: \u4f75\u7cfb\u7fa4( paraphyletic group)
\n\u4f75\u7cfb\u7fa4=>\u7686\u64c1\u6709\u6700\u8fd1\u5171\u7956\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5f8c\u4ee3<\/p>\n

Risbecia \u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8ffd\u5c3e+\u6296\u9c13\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u5c6c\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u662fmonophyletic group\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4f75\u5165 Hypselodoris\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u55ae\u7cfb\u7fa4
\n(\u6211\u5728PNG\u7684Tawali\u7684Lawadi\u6f5b\u9ede\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591aRisbecia\u8ffd\u5c3e\uff0c\u9084\u8f09\u8457\u5e1d\u738b\u8766\uff01)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a Coryphella -> \u4f75\u5165 Flabellina
\nNotodoris -> \u4f75\u5165 Aegires
\nHopkinsia -> \u4f75\u5165 Okenia
\nCryptobeanchia => \u53ef\u7e2e\u9c13 => \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u55ae\u7cfb\u7fa4
\nPhanerobranchia => \u4e0d\u53ef\u7e2e\u9c13 => \u4f75\u7cfb\u7fa4
\nArminia => \u96d6\u6709 oral veil => \u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7cfb
\n\u50cf Janolus \u8ddf Arminidae\u5dee\u5f88\u5927<\/p>\n

Case4: \u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u63ed\u9732\u66f4\u7d30\u90e8\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u5dee\u7570
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u91d0\u6e05\u578b\u614b\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\nPlatydoris \/ Rostanga \/ Jorunna \u6709 notal papillae (caryophyllididia)<\/p>\n

Case5: \u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f88\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u8fd1
\nActeonacea -> \u4e0d\u8fd1 Cephalaspudea
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5f9e Cephalaspudea \u5206\u51fa\u4f86<\/p>\n

Notaspidea\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50=> \u4ee5\u524d\u53eb Notaspidea\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7d30\u5206\u6210
\n-Umbraculum (Umbralla shells \u96e8\u5098\u8c9d)
\n-Tylodina (\u50cf\u7b20\u87ba\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u5be6 Notaspidea \u4e0d\u8fd1 Pleurobranchoidae(Side-gilled slug)\uff0c\u5f97\u5206\u51fa\u4f86\u6210 Umbraculoidea<\/p>\n

Case6: \u5206\u5b50\u6f14\u5316\u8b49\u64da\u8f14\u52a9\u5206\u985e
\n\u5f9e\u5206\u5b50\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u770b\uff0cSacoglossa (sap sucking slug)\u548c\u80ba\u87ba\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u89aa\uff01<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a
\n\u5229\u7528\u652f\u5e8f\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5206\u5b50\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u66f4\u7d30\u90e8\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u53bb\u5206\u985e\u6d77\u86de\u8753\u3002\u5c31\u6f5b\u6c34\u611b\u597d\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4e26\u719f\u6089\u9019\u5957\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5728\u8166\u6d77\u88e1\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u6d77\u86de\u8753\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u54ea\u500b\u985e\u7fa4\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u53bb\u7d30\u67e5\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u9801\u4e00\u9801\u6162\u6162\u7ffb\u4e86\uff01\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5728\u6f5b\u6c34\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u985e\u7fa4\u6c92\u770b\u904e\uff1f\u9019\u5c31\u6703\u6fc0\u767c\u8d77\u6211\u5011\u6f5b\u6c34\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0b\u627e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c92\u770b\u904ePteropoda\u53c8\u60f3\u770b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u60f3\u5617\u8a66 Blackwater\uff01\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6211\u5011\u6301\u7e8c\u6f5b\u6c34\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5594<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\uff1a\u8c50\u82f1 \u4e01\u6559\u7df4 \u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u7248Nudibranch & Sea Slu … \u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,79],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5541"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5541"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16616,"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5541\/revisions\/16616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fun-in.com.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}